Private networks: Evolution, ecosystem, use cases, architecture, spectrum, and deployment challenges, Published in Elsevier Computer Communication (COM COM) 2025

This survey analyzes private 4G/5G network architectures, spectrum-sharing models (notably CBRS), and global regulatory approaches. With detailed comparisons to Wi-Fi and public MNO deployments, it distills practical trade-offs around performance, cost, interoperability, and security - deployment challenges in O-RAN based private network model and migration paths toward private 6G.